How MSTP works
MSTP divides an entire Layer 2 network into multiple MST regions, which are connected by a calculated CST. Inside an MST region, multiple spanning trees, called MSTIs, are calculated. Among these MSTIs, MSTI 0 is the IST.
Like STP, MSTP uses configuration BPDUs to calculate spanning trees. An important difference is that an MSTP BPDU carries the MSTP configuration of the bridge from which the BPDU is sent.
CIST calculation
During the CIST calculation, the following process takes place:
The device with the highest priority is elected as the root bridge of the CIST.
MSTP generates an IST within each MST region through calculation.
MSTP regards each MST region as a single device and generates a CST among these MST regions through calculation.
The CST and ISTs constitute the CIST of the entire network.
MSTI calculation
Within an MST region, MSTP generates different MSTIs for different VLANs based on the VLAN-to-instance mappings. For each spanning tree, MSTP performs a separate calculation process similar to spanning tree calculation in STP. For more information, see "Calculation process of the STP algorithm."
In MSTP, a VLAN frame is forwarded along the following paths:
Within an MST region, the frame is forwarded along the corresponding MSTI.
Between two MST regions, the frame is forwarded along the CST.